The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited was established in Hong Kong at the time when the region was a colony of the British Empire. The bank was created with the aim of financing the growing trade between China and Europe in the aftermath of the First Opium War. The first branch opened for business in Hong Kong in March 1865, and in Shanghai one month later. The British Treasury awarded the bank a special dispensation to become incorporated in 1866, and the bank opened a new branch in Japan during the same year.
Under the leadership of Sir Thomas Jackson, who was chief manager from 1876 to 1902, The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation helped finance the development of Colonial Hong Kong and became a leader in Asian banking, managing British colonial accounts in China, Japan, Penang and Singapore. In the early 20th century, the bank expanded with new branches in Thailand and the Philippines. In 1935, a new head office building was constructed in Hong Kong.
The bank’s head office operations moved to London during the second world war, returning to Hong Kong in 1946. The 1950s and ’60s was a period of diversification for the bank – its first Australian operations began in 1965 with the establishment of HSBC Finance Company Limited. By this time, the bank was already working in the USA, the Middle East and India.
In 1986, HSBC Bank Australia was granted a full banking license. HSBC was one of the first foreign banks to enter Australia’s business banking sector, and one of the leading foreign institutions working in the country’s financial market. In the 1990s, HSBC Australia launched commercial and personal financial services, discount home loans and telephone banking. In 1997, HSBC credit cards were introduced to the Australian market.
In 2001, HSBC launched an internet banking service for its personal customers. In the same year the bank acquired NRMA Building Society Limited, and continued to expand in the Australian banking market. In 2010, HSBC started a major expansion of its retail operations, with plans including the opening of as many as 100 new branches in coming years.